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The adjective 151 Surnames come in many forms. Those which are clearly adjectives decline as is to be expected: Грушевський, Грушевська, Грушевські. Those in -ів/-ева, -їв/-єва, -ов/-ова, -ин/-ина, -ін/-іна, -їн/-їна have adjectival declension in the feminine (in West Ukraine they do not decline) and the adjectival ending -им in the instrumental singular masculine: Ковалів - Ковалевим Ковалева - except for non-Slavonic surnames in -ов, -ин, -ін, which have nominal -ом, thus: Дарвін - Дарвіном (feminine like the masculine, but indeclinable). For a complete description of these surnames, for women's surnames, and surnames in -ко, see 2.3.5.1 and 2.3.5.2. 3.2 COMPARISON 3.2.1 COMPARATIVES We have divided adjectives below into regular, irregular, and compound. However, one may bring the first two together as a 'simple' form, leaving aside the 'compound' form, which is created from practically any adjective using the word більш 'more' or менш 'less' in front of the basic form of the adjective (see 3.2.1.3). One can also precede the plain adjective with більш-менш, but there is no sense of comparison, rather one of approximation, i.e. 'more or less'. Not all adjectives have comparative and superlative forms. Most often this is for semantic reasons, which may occasionally be overridden. Such adjectives include those relating to colour and those having an attenuative or augmentative suffix, thus respectively: (a) -ав-/-яв-, -уват-/-юват- (b) -ущ-/-ющ-, -енн-, -езн- Adjectives with prefixes such as пре-, архі-, ультра- also belong here. See 3.3 for examples. 3.2.1.1 Regular comparatives Adjective (- -ий ending) + -іший8 Adverb (- -o/e ending) + -іше холодніший colder холодніше тепліший warmer тепліше цікавіший more interesting цікавіше 3.2.1.2 Irregular comparatives First, we have a few suppletive comparatives: |
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