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30 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar For the second group in the list at the beginning of this section we have given the letters followed by і because this is the commonest environment we come across. Some examples: білий [Wilij] white вів [vJ'ip] led кінь [WinJ] horse шість [P'isjtf] six ножі [nozJ'i] knives уночі [unotp'i] at night What has been said above does not refer to sequences of two consonants, of which the second is soft. In such cases the general rule is that the first is pronounced soft too unless it is a labial. So: у місті [umJ'isUJi] in the town одній [odJnJ'ij] one (D.L.sg. f.) сніг [sw'ih] snow and after the labials, namely б, п, в, ф, м: я люблю [j'a PublJ'u] I love. коноплі [кзп'зрУі] hemp (G.sg. f.) вони графлять, [von'i hrafP'ot'] They draw lines. вони кормлять. [vDn'i k'ormlJatJ] They feed. Remember that in Ukrainian consonants are hard before e: театр theatre лебідь swan Нева the Neva (river) серенада serenade день day дзеркало mirror Note the suffixes -ськ-, -зьк-, -цьк-: російський Russian ризький of Riga козацький cossack Do not confuse these with cases where we are not dealing with the same suffixes: плаский flat різкий harsh, sharp в'язкий adhesive The soft sign is never written after ж, ч, ш, щ, and these consonants are hard, except when lengthened before я, ю, с, and, slightly softened, before i. 1.1.7 THE SOFT SIGN The soft sign palatalizes an immediately preceding consonant. One might see it extremely approximately as symbolizing the palatal par excellence, namely a >>-sound, which is to be incorporated as well as possible into the preceding consonant. This >>-sound appears also in our transcription of є, ї, ю, я; of these only the first one and last two occur regularly immediately after consonants, and their first component, the y, has the same effect as the soft |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.