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CONTENTS Preface Introduction 0.0 O.J 0.1.1 0.1.2 0.1.3 0.1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Historical background Ukrainian today, the lexicon Shared East Slavonic lexicon Polish lexicon Russian lexicon Ukrainian today Abbreviations used Glossary of grammatical terms used in this book Ukrainian grammatical terms Basic greetings Interjections 1 Sounds and spelling xiii 1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 12 15 16 18 1.0 A general guide to the Ukrainian alphabet and pronunciation 18 1.1 The pronunciation and sound system of Ukrainian 22 1.1.1 Preamble 22 1.1.2 The vowel system 22 1.1.3 The consonant system 23 1.1.4 Stress 24 1.1.5 Voiced and voiceless consonants, assimilation 25 1.1.5.1 The consonant [p/v] 27 1.1.6 Hard and soft consonants 27 1.1.7 The soft sign 30 1.1.8 The apostrophe 31 1.1.9 Consonant alternations 32 1.1.10 The alternations [о] - [і], [є] - [і] 35 1.1.11 Consonant groups: assimilation 36 1.1.12 Consonant groups: simplification 38 1.1.13 Gemination and lengthening of consonants 40 1.2 A few notes on problem areas in spelling 42 1.2.1 о and e after hushers and [j] 42 1.2.2 Velars plus [і, і] 42 |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.