Головна
Гуманітарні
| Попередня | Наступна |
|
The noun 99 The use of the genitive is only possible (and in fact obligatory) in the last example because of the presence of the negative pronoun ніякий 'none', 'not any' (see 4.5.3, negative pronouns). As noted above (see 'the accusative' p. 95) some words, when direct objects, will tend to occur in the genitive in positive statements, where neither negation nor partitivity are expressed. This is the exception rather than the rule, however. 2.4. 1.4 The dative case The concept inherent in the meaning of the dative case is that of motion/ direction (real or figurative) to or towards; the etymology of the case name expresses this notion, as it is derived from the verb 'to give (to)': in English (from the Latin dare-datum) as well as in Ukrainian (from the Ukrainian давати-давальний). THE INDIRECT OBJECT The indirect object is the recipient of the direct object (= Ukrainian accusative); in English this recipient is accompanied by the preposition 'to': 'Give the book to meV The preposition can also be implied in English: 'Give (to) him the book!' In Ukrainian it is the dative case that is used to express the indirect object: відправляти посилку to send a package to Grandfather дідусеві дарувати Іванкові книжку to give a book to Ivanko (as a present) передати мамі сіль to pass the salt to Mum йому віддають солдати шану The soldiers glorify (render honour як героєві. to) him as a hero (as to a hero). These dative forms can be replaced by the construction до + genitive (see 2.4.2, 'Prepositions'), without change in meaning. The dative will also be used to express English 'for (someone)', as in the following examples: купувати Миколі краватку to buy a tie for My kola дістати синові квиток to obtain a ticket for (one's) son This use of the dative can be replaced by the prepositional construction для + genitive (see section); it is felt that the use of the latter renders a statement more personal or individual. Finally, a direct object need not be present if a given verb requires the use of the dative (for example, Він не телефонував батькові 'Не did not phone/ring father', 'did not make a phone call to father'). As this is a function of the verb, however, such constructions are examined in the context of the use of the verb (see 6.4.7.2). FIGURATIVE 'TO' The dative of a noun can express 'to', 'for (the purpose of)' in the presence of another noun, without a verb: |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.