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The noun 101 one to say Він жаркий 'Не is hot', it would be taken to refer to his temperament rather than his perception of temperature. Modals - permission, possibility, necessity: Батькові варто . можливо... можна... не можна ... заборонено... неможливо... слід... треба... , (+ verb) It is worth (it) for father to . . . (+ verb) It is possible (physically) for father . . . It is possible/permissible for father . . . Father is not allowed ... It is forbidden (for father . . .) It is not possible (physically) for father . Father ought to/should . . . Father must/has to . . . It is clear from these three sets of examples alone how vital impersonal constructions are to Ukrainian, whether in writing or in speaking. Note that the person (and therefore the dative) need not be indicated, if one is making a general statement, 'Here it is cold, one may not . ..', and so on. These constructions are close in status to adverbs, and are therefore treated in 7.1.2 and 7.8 as well. Impersonal constructions: -ся verbs: The last set of impersonal constructions involves the use of reflexive verbs (see 6.4.2.4); they are included here as they involve the use of the dative case and are classed as impersonals, rather than as verbs that govern the dative case. These, as with the adverbial forms above, do not agree with the person in question, but appear in their 'neutral' ('it') form, viz. the 3sg. of the non-past, the neuter of the past. Note that they express a wide range of meanings, from how one feels or is able to function, to ability/permissibility. (Вам) не годиться так говорити. Як дочці спалося? Робітникові не працюється. Олексі хочеться їсти. Олексі хочеться води. You/one should not talk like that. How did (your) daughter sleep? The worker doesn't feel like working. Oleksa feels like (having something to) eat. Oleksa would like to have (a drink of) water (+ genitive of substance). Note that the use of the impersonal construction in the last two examples softens the sense of the sentences in comparison with the non-reflexive хотіти in similar contexts: Він хоче їсти 'Не wants to eat'. There are other -ся verbs that require the dative, but these are not impersonals and are therefore examined later on (see 6.4.7.2). THE ETHIC DATIVE (PRO THE GENITIVE) The dative can be used where an English speaker might expect a genitive, specifically in constructions involving motion '(in)to/(on)to' part of a person or a person's clothing: |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.