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102 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar Мама стала засовувати огірки знову Кдстикові в кишені.* (М. Носов) Mama again started shoving cucumbers into Kostyk's pockets. *(Although this example was taken from a Ukrainian book - produced in Ukraine - one native reader preferred: Мама стала засувати огірки знову до кишень.) Лея поклала руку братові на плече. Asya placed her hand on her brother's shoulder. 2.4.1.5 The locative case The locative case (Ukr. місцевий 'locative = pertaining to location') is only used with prepositions: hence the alternative name of this case in English, the 'prepositional'. 2.4.1.6 The instrumental case The instrumental is very widely used. As its English name implies, this can be the case of 'instrument', indicating that the object/person in this case is the instrument of a given action. The Ukrainian name expresses much the same sense: орудний, орудник 'instrumental', colloquial оруддя 'tool(s)', 'instrument(s)'. This case includes a wide range of meanings above and beyond that of the 'instrument' of an action, however; let us examine this particular usage first. 'INSTRUMENT', 'BY MEANS OF', 'WITH' When English 'with' means 'by means of, then the Ukrainian instrumental is required, without a preposition (there is a preposition 'with' that requires the instrumental as well, but it refers to 'accompaniment': see 2.4.2.2.5). писати олівцем to write with a pencil їхати автобусом to go/travel by bus працювати руками to work with one's hands їсти виделкою to eat with a fork забивати цвях молотком to hammer a nail with a hammer говорити телефоном to speak by telephone Зубреня ... стукнуло лісничого The young bison struck the forester лобом. with its forehead/brow. (Я. Зазека) Close in meaning - and identical in structure - to this pattern is the use of the instrumental with a substance (real or implied) of some kind, rather than with an instrument: for example 'to fill a glass with water' ('with9 will again usually be present in the English equivalent). Such constructions are not described as 'verbs requiring the instrumental case' because the verb can often occur without the instrumental complement; in other words, 'to fill a glass' is possible without naming the substance: |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.