Головна
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The noun 105 the instrumental are all dependent on the previous sentence: ... вони згадували й згадували, хто ким став. Льоня Ушаков геологом,... ... they kept on recalling who had become what ('who'). Lyonya Ushakov - a geologist,... The verb стати requires the instrumental (see 6.4.7.3); without this pivotal preceding sentence, the instrumental could not occur in the way that it does above, and one might instead expect Льоня Ушаков - геолог 'Lyonya Ushakov is a geologist', and so on. 2.4.1.7 The vocative case The vocative case is described as that form which occurs with names of persons or words designating persons/things being addressed: 'John!' 'Kolya!' 'Anna!' will all be marked as 'vocatives' in Ukrainian. As a rule, foreign names (such as 'John') are not marked, but there is nevertheless a tendency to do so, especially in the spoken language. Thus: Anno! Anna! Павле! Pavlo! Іване! Ivan! батьку! Father! Джон(е)! John! The vocative is not limited to contexts in which the person is addressed directly, however; the name of a person mentioned in the middle or at the end of an utterance (almost parenthetically) will also be in the vocative: Ідіть сюди, Ольго Сергіївно. Come here, Ol'ha Serhijivna. Що ти сказав, Володю? What did you say, Volodya? Це я, Борисе, твій брат. It is I, Borys, your brother. 2.4.2 SYNTAX OF CASE: THE PREPOSITION The presence of a preposition in conjunction with a noun (as with other declinable elements) requires the noun to appear in the particular case which that preposition governs; Ukrainian prepositions may govern any case except the vocative and the nominative. The following is a virtually complete alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions and the cases they govern; this list is followed by subgroups of prepositions according to the case which each governs, with definitions, and followed by examples. |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.