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The noun 133 desubstantival: дрімота 'drowsiness', скорбота 'grief, 'sorrow', сміхота (= сміх, сміховище) 'much laughter'. In a noun like робота 'work', the suffix is no longer recognizable as such or segmentable. The suffix -ота (stressed on either syllable) is also occasionally found in colloquial speech imparting a sense of irony or disdain to the word in question. Doublets are rare but possible: compare біднота (cited above) with the ironic or disdainful біднота. -CTBO, -цтво is widely found in formations representing (i) collective groups of people (in reference to their occupations or social standing, from nouns), (ii) personal qualities (from nouns), and (iii) abstract notions or qualities (from verbs and adjectives): (і) дворянство 'aristocracy', селянство 'peasantry', купецтво 'merchants', 'merchant class', учнівство 'the state of being a schoolboy or -girl', 'immaturity', юнацтво 'young people', 'bravery'. (ii) геройство 'heroism', авторство 'authorship', просвітництво 'the Enlightenment', акторство 'the act of acting'. (iii) керівництво 'directorship', безумство (= безумність) 'lunacy', 'folly', багатство 'riches', лукавство 'slyness', 'craftiness'. -тель is rather uncommon in Ukrainian, occurring in a few deverbal formations designating 'male doer of action X', as in вихователь 'educator', 'tutor', житель (= жилець, мешканець) 'inhabitant', вчитель 'teacher'. -уга, -юга occurs in desubstantival formations, and can be a mark (especially in colloquial Ukrainian) of disdain, coarseness, augmentation, or familiarity: ледацюга 'layabout'. -уля, -юля imparts a negative sense to a few deadjectival nouns: капризуля 'capricious person', чистюля '(excessively) tidy person'; it is found slightly more often in desubstantival formations, denoting familiarity or endearment: бабуля (бабуня, бабуся) 'grandma', мамуля (мамуся) 'mummy'. -ун forms (colloquially) nouns designating male persons, more rarely animals, or instruments associated with the meaning of the base word (usually a verb): бігун 'runner', 'racehorse', брехун (= брехач) 'liar', хвастун (= хваст) 'braggart', скакун 'leaper', колун 'axe', 'hatchet'. -уня imparts a sense of endearment to a few nouns: бабуня 'granny', 'dear (little) grandmother', мамуня 'mummy'. -уся, -усь as -уня, but with either masculine or feminine base nouns: бабуся (= бабуня), мамуся (= мамуня), дідусь 'dear (little) grandfather', Петрусь 'dear (little) Petro'. -уха, -юха occurs in a few colloquial formations designating (i) female persons, (ii) names of illnesses, and (iii) objects or phenomena associated with the base forms (either deverbal or deadjectival): |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.