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28 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar W [1] M [b] [p] [P]/[w] tf] [m] M [h] M [3] Ш Wl IftJl № fed3] H [lj] И [b»i] lP"i] [уЛ]/[(УІ] [fJi] [mli] [kJi] [Wi] W № [Pi] [Ш ІГФі] [d3»i] W*\ = zz = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =r H Л P " 6 П в Ф M K Г X ж Ш 4 щ ДЖ- ЖДЖ нь ль рь бі пі ві фІ мі кі гі хі жі ші чі ЩІ ДЖІ жджі For the first group, the spelling of the soft consonant with a following soft sign is purely a convention for the purposes of the table. In the actual spelling, as we shall see in the examples, a soft consonant can be identified by its being followed by one of the following letters: я, є, і, ю, and ь either on its own or followed by о as ьо. The special letters serve simply to indicate that the preceding consonant is soft. If a vowel, an apostrophe, or nothing precedes я, є, ю, then they represent [j] + [а, є, u]. As for i, it is only ever [i]; should there be a preceding [j], then the letter Ї (which is always [ji]) is used. We might symbolize this as follows: Soft-series vowel (after soft consonant or nothing) я c і ьо ю [j] + vowel (after vowel, apostrophe, or nothing) я c Ї йо after consonant or nothing Ю Hard-series vowel (after hard consonant or nothing) a e и only after hard consonant 0 ! У It might be noted that consonants were originally soft or half-soft before e andn. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.