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Sounds and spelling 43 кінь horse гірка hillock глухім deaf/dull/thick (L.sg. m./n.) такій such (D.L.sg. f.) недолугі weak (N.A.pl.) легкі light, easy (N.A.pl.) глухі deaf (N.A.pl.) всякі every (N.A.pl.) [i] occurs in the genitive singular and nominative-accusative plural of first- declension nouns, the nominative-accusative plural of second-declension nouns, and the nominative-accusative singular masculine of adjectives and pronouns and the oblique cases of the plural of adjectives and pronouns: руки of the hand ноги of the leg свекрухи mothers-in-law руки hands ноги legs свекрухи of the mother-in-law береги banks, shores чоловіки husbands кожухи sheepskin coats недолугий weak всякий every глухий deaf недолугих weak легкими light глухими deaf всякими every 1.2.3 THE ALTERNATIONS [u - w - v/p], [i - j] IN SPELLING We find these alternations both at the beginning of a certain number of words and in the corresponding conjunction and preposition. Thus: вчитель - учитель teacher іти - йти to go/walk він і вона he and she вона й онука she and (her) granddaughter сів у крісло sat in the chair сіла в автобус got on the bus The vowels [i, u] are both pronounced and noted in the orthography by the appropriate letters, in principle, at the beginning of a phrase before consonants (у Києві 'in Kyiv'), after a word ending in a consonant (Іван і Оксана Tvan and Oksana'), or between words, one of which ends, and the other begins, in a consonant (Він у кухні 'He's in the kitchen'). Otherwise we have [j, w, v/p]. Note that Ukrainian у/в are one preposition (thus uniting the two original prepositions). Ukrainian в, й convey consonants and asyllabic vowels which occur between a vowel and a consonant at word juncture and after a vowel at the end of a word. 1.2.4 FOREIGN WORDS In most instances the meanings of the following words are clear. Many older loanwords are completely assimilated, and are unlikely to be recognized as borrowings: |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.