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48 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar 2.1.1 NOUNS ENDING IN A CONSONANT 2.1.1.1 Hard consonants, almost all masculine All nouns ending in a consonant are declinable, including words of foreign origin. Thus: будинок киянин курс робітник син стіл студент товариш building Kievan (male person) course, year (at university) worker (male) son table student (male) comrade A number of nouns ending in a hard consonant, most of which refer to people and are ultimately borrowings from other European languages, may be described as 'common gender' (спільного роду): in other words, although they may be grammatically masculine, they will refer to both sexes in practice. In such instances, an accompanying form that reflects the gender of the noun, for example, a past tense verb form, will reflect the true gender of the individual: Президент був/була ... The president was ... (masculine or feminine depending on the individual) Прем'єр-міністр прибув/ The prime minister arrived. прибула. ther words of this kind: адвокат депутат дипломат етнограф інженер кандидат капітан лікар посол професор член юрист lawyer, barrister, attorney deputy (e.g. member of parliament or a political congress) diplomat ethnographer engineer candidate captain (military) doctor (of medicine) ambassador professor member (of an organization) lawyer, jurist A large number of consonant-final nouns referring to people, whether in relation to their profession or their place of origin, are as a rule only masculine: this is a function of the presence of one of a number of suffixes, for |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.