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The noun 59 Note that in some grammars the locative is termed the prepositional, as it is only used in conjunction with a preposition (compare Russian предлджний падеж 'prepositional case'); as the Ukrainian name for this case does in fact mean locative (місце 'place', 'location'), we have chosen to retain the corresponding term in English. The use of the cases is described in 2.4.1 below. 2.3.0 DECLENSION: INTRODUCTION All Ukrainian noun paradigms are ordered here according to grammatical gender, as all Ukrainian nouns are either masculine, feminine, or neuter (compare the same phenomenon in German, Russian, and Latin). Each gender is subdivided into groups of paradigms whose major phonological features bind them together: (1) the palatalization or non-palatalization of stem-final consonants, and (2) stress patterns within each paradigm. Stress patterns are described as follows: SS: 'stem stress' in the singular and the plural. SE: 'stem stress' in the singular, and 'end stress' in the plural. EE: 'end stress' in the singular and plural. ES: 'end stress' in the singular and 'stem stress' in the plural. +: The addition of a '+' mark after either element (e.g. E + S, SE +) indicates that there is a stress shift of some kind within that part of the paradigm in addition to the basic 'end stress' or 'stem stress' pattern. The stress patterns provided do not include phenomena that occur in certain well-defined contexts, such as when used with other parts of speech: thus, for example, when used with numerals (specifically with two, three, and four), there are rules that govern the place of stress in a given noun. This information is found in the discussion of the use of numerals. For every declensional type we provide first the endings themselves, followed by examples; the markers of gender are described in each pertinent section below. Note that the abbreviations for English case names are given on the left, with their Ukrainian equivalents on the right. The ordering of case forms (N.-G.-D.-A.-I.-L.-V. where there is a special vocative form, N.-G.-D.-A.-I.-L. when there is not) conforms to the ordering found in Ukrainian (and most Western) books. Note particularly that there is no separate vocative ending in the plural, thus V.pl. = N./?/. |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.