64 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar 2.3.1.3 Feminine declensions ending in a vowel (-a): mixed stems N. G. D. A. I. L. V. Singular -a -i -i -y -ею -i -e Plural -i -0 -ам -і -ами -ax = N. H. P. Д. 3. o. M. Кл. This nominal type is often termed 'mixed' because the paradigm is considered to be composed of case endings of the hard declension as well as of the soft declension. This is the result of the historical development of the consonant preceding the final vowel, which was originally soft, but now phonetically hard. Note that such consonants can be positionally softened by the ending -i, for example: площа 'square' N. G. D. A. I. L. V. Singular - Однина площа площі площі площу площею площі площе! Plural - Множина площі площ площам площі площами площах = N. Н. Р. д. 3. о. м. Кл. Nouns ending in -ша, -ча, -жа (каша, дача, біржа) are declined according to the same pattern. Although stress will be the stable SS type in the majority of mixed stems, there will be exceptions (or at least forms with two accepted stress patterns), as in тисяча 'thousand': N. G. D. A. I. L. V. Singular - Однина тисяча тисячі тисячі тисячу тисячею тисячі (тйсяче!) Plural - Множина тисячі тисяч тисячам тисячі тисячами тисячах = N. Н. Р. д. 3. о. м. Кл. Both the expected pattern SS and SE are acceptable; note that in the case of G.pl. the lack of a final vowel means that there is only one G.pl. form, as -я- is not stressed.
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