Головна
Гуманітарні
| Попередня | Наступна |
|
The noun 95 This is just a small sampling of possible combinations; needless to say, the number of possible pairs is theoretically infinite ('worker' + 'bald man' = 'The worker who is/was bald'). 2.4.1.2 The accusative case The accusative case is first and foremost the case of the direct object: the case ending (where there is one that differs from the nominative) indicates that its bearer is the object of the verbal action. The English and Ukrainian terms for this case are more opaque than those of the nominative, but both indicate that something is being done to the object: Eng. accusat- < Lat. accuso 'blame', 'charge (with)', Ukr. знахід- 'find', 'discover', 'come upon'. THE ACCUSATIVE OF AN INANIMATE OBJECT Учитель написав книжку (nom. The teacher wrote a book. книжка). Наш гість дивиться телевізор, (nom. Our guest is watching television. телевізор) Ольга відчиняє вікно, (nom. вікно) Ol'ha is opening a window. Among these examples we see that only the feminine singular has a peculiarly accusative marker, viz. -y; word order (A does В to C) and common sense (in this instance A are animate beings, C are not) dictate that 'television' and 'window' are the direct objects, hence in the accusative rather than the nominative. In the plural, of course, there is no differentiation of any kind between the nominative and accusative of inanimate nouns: Учитель написав книжки. The teacher wrote the books. Він купив телевізори. Не bought the televisions. Ольга відчиняє вікна. Ol'ha is opening windows. THE ACCUSATIVE OF AN ANIMATE OBJECT Учитель побачив хлопця, (nom. хлопець) The teacher saw the boy. Наш гість знає Ігоря, (nom. Ігор) Our guest knows Ihor. Анна розбудила дідуся, (nom. дідусь) Anna woke grandfather. Ми побачили швейцара-бородача. We saw the doorman who has a long beard. An important point to note is that inanimate objects will also occasionally favour the genitive case as an accusative marker. Thus, Іван написав/писав листа 'Ivan wrote/was writing a letter'; the use of the accusative in such instances will not be seen as incorrect, however. In the plural, however, we find the expected accusative almost exclusively: Іван написав/писав листи 'Ivan wrote/was writing letters'. Compare the following quotation from a |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.