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The noun 97 Note again that the unit of time can stand on its own in the accusative, or appear with a modifier. Essentially the presence of a word like цілий or кожний will lead to the use of the accusative; note, however, that (for кожний, for example) the genitive is also possible or even preferred (see below). The accusative also occurs in time expressions involving the use of prepositions; these are addressed in 2.4.2.2.2. 2.4.1.3 The genitive case The genitive case is often described as the case of possession, as it is this case that will occur in phrases such as the English 'Ivan's book', 'the book oflvarC. It is more than that, of course, just as English 'of will appear in many phrasal units that do not involve possession per se. The name of the case is equivalent in English and Ukrainian: Eng. gen- (< Lat. genus, generis 'kind'), Ukr. род- 'birth', 'origin', 'lineage', 'generation', and so on; in other words, this case tells us 'of what kind', 'of what relation', 'to what group' a word belongs. POSSESSION In the most general terms, one might describe the use of the genitive as a means of indicating the relation of one object or person to another. Compare the following examples, illustrating true possession as well as purely relational constructions: книжка професора the professor's book брат Ольги Ol'has brother початок війни the beginning of the war кінець дня the end of the day незалежність України the independence of Ukraine We note that each of these cases is more or less equivalent to English 'of or "s' constructions, and that the word in the genitive (the possessor, or object/idea about which specific information is being given) occurs second: it does not begin the phrase, unlike English 'apostrophes' ('the professor's book'). GENITIVE IN TIME EXPRESSIONS Just as the prepositionless accusative can be used in time expressions to express duration, the genitive is used to focus on a point in time, for example, 'time when (X took/takes place)'; unlike the accusative, however, genitive constructions will require the presence of a modifier ('this', 'last', 'next'): цього року this year минулого тижня last week наступного року next year одного разу once, one time |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.