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120 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar 2.4.2.2.5 Prepositions governing the instrumental It will be noted from the master list of prepositions that none is used exclusively with the instrumental. All prepositions that govern the instrumental also occur with the accusative, while three occur with the genitive as well as the instrumental and accusative; their use with the genitive is described in 2.4.2.2.1. As in the case of prepositions governing the locative, the reason for treating these prepositions together here has to do with the expression of spatial relationships: most of the following, when used with the instrumental, refer to the specific position of one object in relation to another object (X is over, under, behind, in front of... Y); when used with the accusative, it is movement into that position that is being expressed (X is going into position over, under, behind, in front of. . . Y). The use of particular prepositions, for example, з, together with other prepositions or adverbs (such as поруч) is not reflected in the examples below, as the meaning of such phrasal units is evident from their constituent parts. з, зі, зо +1.: 'with', 'together with' Я подружив з колегою, проблеми з начальством Ми говорили з матір'ю. Він пішов з парасолькою в руці. з виїздом президента ... з повагою Чекали з радістю. Чекали з острахом. Президент приїхав з візитом. три з половиною дні Що з Ольгою? кава з цукром та молоком Я згоден з Оксаною. І made friends with a colleague, problems with those in authority We spoke with mother. He set off with an umbrella in his hand, upon (with) the departure of the president. . . lit. 'with respect'; 'respectfully yours' (in letters) They (a)waited with (in a state of) happiness. They waited with/in dread, great fear. The president arrived for a visit (came to visit), three and a half days What's with Ol'ha? coffee with sugar and milk I agree with Oksana. Phrasal examples of the last type, i.e. in conjunction with adjectives that imply an attitude towards closeness to a person or a position (here: згоден з), are common and easily understood on the basis of the adjective in question. з, зі, зо + A. expression of approximation з годину з місяць з п'ять фунтів about one hour approximately one month about five pounds |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.