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The noun 125 -ад(а) '-ade' in 'colonnade', 'blockade', and so on, -аж '-age' in 'massage', and similar) are not included. -ак, -як 'pertaining to one's profession', 'place of habitation', 'ethnic group': a marker of masculine persons, in reference to the quality expressed by a source adjective, the action expressed by a source verb, or an action associated with a source noun. Deadjectival and deverbal nouns with this suffix can in many cases be considered very colloquial, and even as sub-standard by some speakers. desubstantival: моряк 'seaman', сибіряк 'a Siberian', земляк '(fellow-) countryman', подоляк 'native of Podolia'. deadjectival: бідак 'poor fellow', дивак 'strange person', срібняк 'silver coin', мертвяк 'corpse' (= мрець, see -ець below). deverbal: вожак 'leader', співак 'singer', лежак 'layabout'. -ака, -яка see preceding entry, much less frequent, for example, deverbal: гуляка 'reveller', 'one who makes merry' (better: гультяй) -ан(ь) formations (mostly from nominal roots) refer to a person's activities or to the presence in that person of particular traits or characteristics (compare -ач below). desubstantival: головань 'person with a large head', лобань 'blockhead', стариган(ь) 'stout old man', бородань 'bearded man'. deadjectival: білань 'fair-haired person'. -анин, -янин 'pertaining to one's geographical and/or ethnic origin', for male persons. Compare also the adjectival suffix -ин (Chapter 3). росіянин 'a Russian', киянин 'person from Kyiv', волжанин 'one from the Volga region' (note the consonant mutation r > ж), галичанин 'one from Galicia'. -анка, -янка 'pertaining to one's geographical and/or ethnic origin', for female persons. росіянка 'a Russian woman', киянка 'woman from Kyiv', волжанка 'woman from the Volga region' (note the consonant mutation г > ж), галичанка 'woman from Galicia'. -анка, -янка deadjectival (including passive participles) formation, principally denoting female persons exhibiting characteristics of the adjective in question (rare). See also -ка below. обідранка = обшарпанка 'woman in tatters, rags', вигодованка 'girl brought up at another's expense'. -ар, -яр very common, most frequently in desubstantival formations: denotes a masculine person engaged in activities associated with the base noun; rarely with verbs and adjectives. Compare (i) forms borrowed from West European languages (i.e. with non-Slavonic roots), for example, |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.