126 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar ветеринар, резервуар, санітар, and so on (ii) deverbal nouns whose root contains the same sequence, such as пивовар 'brewer', < пиво + варити. desubstantival: бондар 'cooper', шахтар 'miner', вівчар 'shepherd', словникар = лексигограф 'lexicographer', книгар 'bookseller', 'stationer', цегляр 'brickmaker', бджоляр 'beekeeper', газетяр 'journalist', and so on. deverbal: дзвонар 'bellringer', писар 'clerk', 'scribe', бунтар 'mutineer'. deadjectival: крутар 'cheat', 'deceitful person' (= крутій) -арка, -ярка see -ка below. -а(та), -я(та) in desubstantival formations, denoting the young of animals or small children. In the singular one individual is designated by the presence of this suffix (-a), while the full suffix (plural -ата) is used to designate either simple plurality or the category as a whole; in other words, it then becomes a collective noun. внук > внуча(та) 'little grandchild(ren)', гусь > гусеня(та) 'gosling(s)', циган > циганча(та) 'little/young gipsy/gipsies', козеня(та) '(goat) kid(s)', вовченя(та) 'wolf young', жереб'я(та) 'colt', and so on. -атина, -ятина formed from some animal names to denote their meat; note that this suffix is in turn derived from -а(та), -я(та) above. See also -ина below for derivations based on non-derived nouns. курятина chicken meat гусятина goose meat телятина veal -ач Desubstantival (unproductive) and deadjectival (rarer) formations refer to a person's activities or to the presence in that person of particular traits or characteristics; deverbal forms are productive, and denote one who performs the action in question, or an instrument used in that action. desubstantival: трубач 'trumpeter', бородач 'bearded man', циркач 'circus performer', головач 'one with a big head', силач 'wrestler', 'athlete' (lit. 'strongman'), горбач 'hunchback'. deadjectival: багач 'wealthy man'. deverbal: глядач 'spectator', викладач 'lecturer', ткач 'weaver', розвідач 'explorer', 'researcher', розповідач 'narrator', шукач 'searcher', 'investigator', вимикач 'electric switch', радіоприймач 'radio receiver'. -(ь)ба realized either as -ьба or as mutated consonant + ба, more rarely -оба. This is one suffix used (unproductively) to form new nouns from verbal roots. різьба 'carving', 'sculpture', служба 'service', стрільба 'firearm', дружба 'friendship', ходьба 'walking about', 'continual walking', боротьба 'fight', 'combat', жалоба 'sorrow', хвороба 'illness'. -бищ(е): see -ищ(е) below.
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