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The noun 127 -еність: see -їсть below. -ець, -єць, including the (ultimately deadjectival) compounds -анець, -янець, -енець, -инець, -лець, -овець, -івець. -ець, -єць is an extremely common suffix in Ukrainian, and occurs in desubstantival, deadjectival, as well as deverbal constructions, primarily to denote the origin, characteristics, or activities of male persons. desubstantival: горець 'man from the mountains', 'highlander', кавказець 'man from the Caucasus', українець '(a) Ukrainian', комсомолець 'male member of the Komsomol', партієць 'male member of the Party', італієць 'an Italian'. deadjectival: мудрець 'wise man', старець 'aged man', щасливець 'fortunate person'. deverbal: боєць 'fighter', борець 'boxer', 'wrestler', їздець 'horseman', 'rider', читець 'reciter'. -анець, -янець occurs in some words denoting nationality (again, of male persons): американець 'American', мексиканець 'Mexican', also in forms reflecting one's philosophical leanings: кантианець 'a Kantian', гегельянець 'a Hegelian' (but note: these forms consist in fact of an initial international element '-ian-', such as 'Hegelian', + ець). -енець is found in derivatives of abstract nouns with the suffix -ння (see below): переселенець 'emigrant', уродженець 'a native of (place X)'. -йнець 'native of place X', as in: кубинець 'Cuban', сочинець 'one from Sochi', ялтинець 'one from Yalta'. -лець occurs occasionally in deverbal formations reflecting the activity (or result of the activity) expressed by the verb in question: пожилець 'lodger', страждалець (= страдник) 'martyr', 'one who has suffered'. -овець, -івець is used in forms denoting geographical provenance or organizational membership; the base forms can themselves be new compounds: донбасівець 'one from the Donbass', кузбасівець 'one from the Kuzbass', райкомівець 'member of the Rajkom (regional committee)'. -знь is extremely rare, occurring in some abstract nouns: боязнь = боязкість 'timidity', водобоязнь 'hydrophobia', приязнь = приязність 'goodwill', 'friendliness'. See -ість, -ність below. -изн(а) is unproductive; it is found in some nouns reflecting the characteristics of the base (usually adjectival) form: новизна 'novelty', білизна 'linen', 'washing'. -ик, including the compound suffixes -ник, -льник, -овник, -евник, -євник, is extremely common in Ukrainian. On its own, -ик can form diminutive/ affectionate forms of base substantives (see first entry below); compounds -ник and so on are formed from base adjectives and denote persons working in a field described by the adjective in question. -ик: братик little brother, котик little cat, дощик fine rain. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.