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The noun 129 -ищ(е) is slightly more common than the preceding suffix, but nevertheless is also rare; it also imparts a feeling of great physical size, but the connotation can be negative: ножище 'large, ugly foot' (or 'knife'!), ручище 'large hand', бородище 'large beard'. -ищ(е) can indicate a place or result of an action (especially if formed from verbs); compare -бищ(е) below. Thus: сховище 'shelter', 'hiding place', збіговище 'mob of people', городище 'former site of a city', 'ruins'. -бищ(е) reflects a combination of -6- (compare -ьба above) and -щ(е); formations with this suffix denote the place in which the action of the source verb takes or used to take place, rarely the action itself. Thus: лежбище 'place in which herds (usually of animals) lie', стрільбище 'shooting gallery', займище 'site for a building', 'plot of land for construction', водосховище 'reservoir', мольбище 'former site of a temple'. -лищ(е) is rare, and can refer to the place where an activity takes place: училище 'teaching institution', судилище 'tribunal'. -овищ(е) is likewise unproductive, referring to location: становище 'position', 'station', зимовище 'storage for the winter' (= зимівля). -івка forms a number of substantives referring to the meaning of the base word: курсівка 'official document giving one permission to stay, for example, at a sanatorium, to receive food and treatment', листівка 'postcard', шумівка 'brandy' (= горілка). -івна, -ївна is the standard suffix for the formation of feminine patronymics: Іванівна 'daughter of Ivan', Андріївна 'daughter of Andrij'. -ій- occurs infrequently in deverbal constructions expressing 'male doer of X': водій 'driver', крутій 'swindler'. -інь is unproductive, and occurs in some deadjectival forms expressing abstract notions associated with the base words: височінь 'height', 'altitude' (= висота, високість), широчінь 'breadth', 'width' (= широта). -ість is extremely common, especially in the literary language; it is used to form abstract nouns from adjectives and, more rarely, from passive participles of verbs. deadjectival: гордість 'haughtiness', 'pride', давність 'antiquity', 'old times', ніжність 'tenderness', співучість 'melodiousness', хоробрість 'bravery', швидкість 'quickness'. deverbal: видимість 'ability to see far into the distance', стриманість 'coolness', 'coldness (of character)', вихованість 'breeding', 'bringing up', зніженість 'sickliness'. COMPOUND DERIVATIVES WITH -ІСТЬ: -ність, -еність can occur in deverbal nouns in reference to qualitative conditions arising as a result of the action expressed by the base verb (the examples show the limited usefulness of this particular construction): домовленість 'agreement reached in prior conversations', розжареність 'the state of having been heated or cooked excessively'. |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.