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The noun 141 desubstantival: співавтор 'co-author', співдружба 'co-operation', 'harmony', співжиття 'life in common', співчуття 'sympathy', співвласник 'joint owner', 'co-partner', співгромадянин 'fellow-citizen', співробітник 'co-worker'. су- indicates the presence, occurrence, admixture, or small measure of a substance or thing (expressed by the root to which it is prefixed); 'with-', co- (can = c-, спів-)', unproductive. desubstantival: сутінь 'half shade', 'twilight', супісок 'sandy ground'. deadjectival: сукупність 'totality', 'togetherness', суспільність 'society', 'commonwealth', сучасність 'the present times', 'contemporaneity', суміжність 'contiguity'. deverbal: супровід 'accompaniment', супровідник 'accompanist'. у-, уз-: see в-, B3- above. через- 'cross-', 'across', very rare (compare the preposition через). desubstantival: черезплічник 'something that is thrown or carried across the shoulder'. 2.5.3 COMPOUNDING Thus far we have concentrated on two major processes of word formation, suffixation and prefixation: structurally, these can be described as: prefix + stem + 0 prefix + stem + suffix (+ suffix) 0 + stem + suffix (+ suffix) Another common process of forming new nouns involves the addition of another 'stem' element, in other words, compounding. The new formations can have the following structures: stem 1 + stem 2 + 0 stem 1 + stem 2 + suffix In such nouns, stem 1 is generally either a noun itself or an adjectival stem; stem 2 is then either another noun stem or a verbal stem (stem 1 is not likely to be a verbal stem). Under the rubric 'adjective' we include other forms that are adjective-like, such as forms of сам- 'self-', and ordinal numerals. In all nouns with this structure, there has to be a linking element between the two stems: in the vast majority of such forms, this element is the vowel о or its soft variant e; in adjectival formations, this can be interpreted as the adverbial marker. Other vowels are also possible: (i) in loanwords from Western languages, we may find an original -а-: авіа + лінія, авіа + конструктор (compare Eng. avia-tion, for example); (ii) more importantly, as a structural element, is the occasional occurrence of the genitive ending of stem 1 (here examples with suffixes): |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.