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146 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar including a large number of adjectives in -жній and -шній derived from adverbs (also vice versa) but not always relative, for example: весінній spring (adj.) майбутній future (adj.) порожній empty колишній former, erstwhile (= колись formerly) зовнішній external (= зовнішньо outwardly) справжній genuine There are a number of compounds in stems terminating in -й (with orthographic consequences), for example: безкраїй boundless (= без without + край country, limit) довгошиїй long-necked (= довг(ий) long + шия (stem ший-) neck) some possessive-like adjectives, for example: братній brotherly, fraternal, i.e. like а брат brother and the adjective синій 'blue'. Hard-stem adjectives are characterized by the ending -ий in the citation form as regards the vast majority, and may be either qualitative or relative, for example: молодий young новий new свіжий fresh телячий calf's, of veal Hard also are possessive adjectives in -ів (-їв after a vowel or apostrophe) and -ин (-їн after a vowel or apostrophe), such as Андріїв 'Andrew's', батьків 'father's' (the vowel of the suffix alternates respectively with -є- and -o-), and Маріїн 'Maria's', сестрин 'sister's' (no alteration) - note zero ending of the citation form and the capitalization where the derivation is from a name. We must also mention the so-called short adjectives, all hard-stem and restricted to the nominative and masculine (thus they look like the possessives mentioned above, but do not have case, number, or gender). Some handbooks give relatively long lists of such forms, but it makes sense only to mention those most frequently encountered: варт worth (+ G. for worth something, worthy of something) винен guilty, owe (+ D. for what one is guilty of or the person to whom one owes something, the something going in the accusative, e.g. я винен тобі багато грошей І owe you a lot of money) (згоден agree (+ з + inst. for what one agrees to/with or whom one agrees with) дрібен small, trifling жоден no, not a, no one здоров healthy, hale (limited use, in idioms) |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.