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The adjective 147 зелен green кожен each, every, everyone ладен disposed, ready ласкав kind молод young певен sure, certain повен full (+ G. = of) повинен should, ought, must (duty or obligation) потрібен necessary (+ D. of the person who needs something, the something being the grammatical subject) рад glad (+ D. = for) славен renowned, glorious ясен clear As adjectives, these forms are all used predicatively, i.e. in the structure 'X is/ was ... ready', never attributively (see 3.4 for some examples). This is conveyed by their having only the nominative form, i.e. they can refer to and agree with only the grammatical subject of the sentence, which is in the nominative case. Two of them, кожен and жоден, may be found attributively, for example, кожен день 'every day', and as pronouns with the meaning 'anyone', 'everyone', 'no one', 'none'. They all have more or less optional, and usually preferred, long (= 'normal') forms, namely (but not exhaustively): вартий винний згодний/згідний готовий живий дрібний здоровий зелений кожний ладний ласкавий молодий певний повний повинний потрібний радий славний ясний The most common of these, functioning more or less as verbs or, perhaps preferably, 'predicative words' (preceded by appropriate tense forms of бути 'to be' as necessary), are: варт винен згоден здоров ладен певен повен повинен потрібен with здоров and ласкав common in the set expressions Будь здоров! 'Hello!', 'Goodbye!', 'Bless you!' (in response to a sneeze)' (lit. 'Be healthy!') and Будь ласкав! 'Please!' (lit. 'Be kind!'). These are, needless to say, the masculine singular forms; feminine or plural forms are used when appropriate. In comparison with the masculines, the nominative feminine, neuter, and plural forms of the adjective look 'short' (here both hard and soft adjectives are given): |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.