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166 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar or a form of все, сам, свій with suffixation, for example: всеукраїнський all-Ukrainian своєрідний original 'Half-' is conveyed by пів- or напів-, for example: піврічний six-months-old, half-yearly напівдикий half-wild We might also mention compounds whose second component is -видний or -подібний, for example: грушовидний pear-like/shaped людиноподібний like a person 3.4 USING ADJECTIVES 3.4.1 GENERAL Regarding position relative to the qualified noun or noun phrase, the attributive adjective as a rule precedes, although it may follow when emphatic or for stylistic reasons. Adjectives are more often than not 'used' - they say something about other words, typically nouns, which themselves may be independent or dependent, say, when a noun is in a case determined by a governing verb or preposition, thus: стара хата an old house у старій хаті in the old house Вона вийшла сухою з води. She got off scot-free. Він визнав себе винним. Не admitted his guilt (lit. 'confessed himself guilty'). молодий/молода сирота a young orphan (Note that with epicenes (common-gender nouns) the adjective takes the gender of whom the noun refers to.) So adjectives are mostly subordinate to other words and constructions. In this respect one might note that there are, too, adjectives which function as nouns, for example: лісничий forester Рівне Rivne (city) минуле the past майбутнє the future хворий a sick person молодий a young person, groom The last two exemplify the universal potentiality of semantically appropriate adjectives to refer to a person, man, or woman, or people without the actual use of the noun proper. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.