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184 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar увесь місяць all month Ми всі пішли додому. We all went home. Всенький is a diminutive of увесь. 4.5.2 INDEFINITES AND DISTRIBUTIVES The true indefinites of Ukrainian are very varied and resistant to concise treatment. They are formed using the suffixes -сь, -будь, -небудь, and the prefixes де-, аби-, будь-, казна-, хтозна-. The least indefinite, thus with a sense of something real and actually rather definite but simply not known, are those in -сь and де-, with the latter being less indefinite. Thus: дехто, деякий, дещо: a clear sense of 'someone, a certain, something' (the last in particular has also a sense of 'somewhat', 'a little', or of something being concealed), for example, Ми дечого не сказали. There was a thing or two we didn't say. A preposition may come between де- and the pronoun: Я де з ким/з деким розмовляв. І was talking to a certain person (or persons). The forms with -сь may be slightly more indefinite: якийсь чоловік a certain man, some man or other у котрімсь місці in some/a certain place We can quite readily create these forms, for example, чийсь - дечий, котрийсь - декотрий, хтось, щось. Such creations are not restricted to pronouns, thus десь 'somewhere', 'approximately', not to mention де-де 'somewhere', 'here and there', 'somewhere or other'. The particles будь-, -небудь have senses of 'any-', 'any- at all' respectively, thus будь-що, що-небудь. The prefix аби- has senses of 'no matter', '-ever', for example, Аби з ким вони працювали. They worked with anyone, (аби otherwise means 'in order that'/'to', with a negative verb an optative 'lest'). Будь- has a sense of 'any (at all)', for example, Будь-яке місце буде добре. Any place at all will be fine. Казна- has a sense of 'the devil knows' and is consequently pejorative, for example, Казна-що говорить. Не says any old nonsense. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.