Introduction 9 inf. I., inst. intrans. lit. L., loc. m., masc. neg. n., neut. N., nom. num. part. pass. PAP. perf. я poss. ppp. PrAP. prep. pres. pron. PrPP. recip. refl. rel. sg- subst. sup. trans. V, voc. infinitive instrumental intransitive literally locative masculine negative neuter nominative numeral participle passive past active participle perfective plural possessive past passive participle present active participle preposition present pronoun present passive participle reciprocal reflexive relative singular substantive superlative transitive vocative 0.3 GLOSSARY OF GRAMMATICAL TERMS USED IN THIS BOOK accusative case of the direct object (see p. 10): Він читає книжку 'Не reads the book9. adjective modifies a noun, answers the question 'What is X like?', 'the long book', 'an interesting story'. adjectival participle an -ing form of a verb which means the same as 'who/which ...', e.g., 'He phoned the man selling a canoe' (= 'who was selling'), a synonymous term in Slavonic grammars is 'participle'.
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