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Introduction 11 indirect object instrumental interjection lexicon locative mood nominative noun ordinal palatalization paradigm participle plural prefix preposition pronoun root recipient of the direct object (see above): The teacher gave the book to the student'. case expressing 'by means of, 'together with', a word or phrase expressing emotion: 'Oh!' the set of words ('lexical items') that make up the vocabulary of a language; sometimes = 'vocabulary', case of location (in the city): in Ukrainian this case is used only with a preposition; in other grammars it may be referred to as the 'prepositional', a verb form conveying the attitude of the speaker to what is being said, e.g. the 'indicative' mood conveys plain statements, as in 'I am reading a book', and the 'conditional' mood hints at an underlying condition or 'if: 'I would like to go to Kyiv'. case of the subject (see below), object (pencil), person (John, woman), or concept (freedom). numeral indicating relative order ('how-manieth': 'first', 'second'...). the modification of the pronunciation of a consonant when it is almost simultaneously accompanied by a 'y'-sound, thus the variations of the ss, t, d, and n in English issue, tune, dew, new. Such 'palatalized', or 'soft', consonants are a feature of Ukrainian pronunciation. a set of declined or conjugated forms (e.g. the present paradigm of іти 'go', is іду, ідеш, іде, ідемо, ідете, ідуть). see 'adjectival participle' and compare 'adverbial participle'. when reference is to more than one item or person ('pencils'). element added to the beginning of a word to denote an action or state different from that of the unprefixed form: 'Jackprepaid the bill', 'I w/wferestimated him', grammatical word relating two things/people: a book in a library, the letter from mother; use of a preposition in Ukrainian requires that the following word occurs with a particular case ending. personalT, 'you', possessive 'my', 'your', interrogative 'who?', 'what?' and so on. the core of a word, to which can be added prefixes, derivational suffixes, stem-marking suffixes, endings. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.