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272 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar But: Будь ласка, говоріть повільної Please speak slowly! Чи дідусь поверне додому пізно? Is grandfather returning home late? 7.1.2 'IT IS ... - IMPERSONAL CONSTRUCTIONS The adverb by itself (that is, when not modifying a verb) can express a state or condition that is expressed in English by means of the pleonastic 'it': Тут тепло. Сьогодні холодно. Вже пізно - поспішай! Варто пам'ятати, що.. Добре, що ти прийшов, дуже приємно! It's warm here. It's cold today. It's already late - hurry! It's worth remembering that... It's good that you came, very pleased (to meet you)! (lit. 'It is very pleasing...') This use of the adverb may be termed 'impersonal', as there is no subject involved; when a person is indicated, however, the one to whom reference is made will occur in the dative case: Мені холодно. Йому (батькові) жарко. Нам усім дуже приємно . Валі тяжко на серці. Мені цікаво. I'm cold (lit. 'It is cold to me'). He's (father's) hot. We are all very pleased ... Valya's heart is heavy. I am interested, curious. 7.1.3 NUMERICAL ADVERBS Adverbs can be formed from numerals as well, in particular from the ordinal numerals, which are adjectival in form. Note that these consist of the numeral + the formant -e; the basic adverb will have a hyphenated prefix no- ('-ly'), while the prefix y- imparts the sense 'for the Xth time': по-перше firstly, in the first place уперше for the first time, firstly по-друге in the second place, secondly, after all удруге for the second time по-третс thirdly, in the third place утретє for the third time по-четверте fourthly, in the fourth place учетверте for the fourth time по-п'яте fifthly, in the fifth place уп'яте for the fifth time |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.