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8 THE CONJUNCTION 8.0 GENERAL Conjunctions may be defined as: forming a '[c]losed lexical category, or a lexical item belonging to this category, whose members serve to construct coordinate structures, such as "and", "or" and "but" in English' (Trask 1993: 56). In this grammar, however, we retain the traditional approach, including conjunctions, or 'subordinators', which introduce subordinate clauses. Conjunctions thus cover a rather diffuse area, from linking elements of simple sentences to linking the clauses of composite sentences. In other words, they are used to convey the coordination of parts of the clause and of separate clauses, and to convey the subordination of one clause to another. They may be: (i) simple, for example, і (й) and бо because, for та and чи or (also question particle) (ii) compound, for example, щоб so that якщо if або or (iii) composite, for example, через те що since, because для того щоб in order to/that тому що because COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS EITHER (i) correlate, for example, і (й) and та and також also, too як ... так і... both . . ., and .. . (а)ні... (а)ні... neither . . ., не тільки ...ай... not only . . ., but nor ... also ... a and, but що that (a)ni neither/nor, and not як how, that проте therefore, from (what) reason, but, besides ніби as if зате instead, moreover, however незважаючи на те що in spite of the fact that подібно до того як like |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.