Головна
Гуманітарні
| Попередня | Наступна |
|
Sounds and spelling 23 синій 'blue', безкраїй 'endless'. But more important, given the arguable status of such data, would be (i) the phonetic difference between [i] and [i], given that the latter is in fact much closer phonetically to [є] than to [i] (we see this particularly when [є] and [i] are unstressed), and (ii) the fact that [i] and [i] contrast after consonants which do not participate in the hard/soft distinction, for example, Кинь! 'Throw!' - кінь 'horse', Бий! 'Hit!' - бій 'battle'. Ukrainian, therefore, arguably has six vocalic phonemes.2 1.1.3 THE CONSONANT SYSTEM Place of articulation Bilabial Labio-dental Dental Palatal Velar Glottal Obstruents 5. Plosives p І ь "3 Fricatives f <5* Affricates si Sonorants St 1 Fricatives [w] P-v 5 Stops 2 Nasal m t d s z ts & V Ф S* zJ tsJ dz» J 3 tf d3 k g X s Lateral Vibrant n 1 r nJ 1J rJ We give [w], a phonetic feature, because it is salient and, for reasons given below, currently recommended. One should note that /p-v/, as an allophone of which [w] occurs, does not contrast with /f/; /p~v/ is a weak sort of /v/, articulated with the lower lip behind the upper teeth (If/, and English /v/, are articulated with the lower lip in front of the upper teeth). Something close to English /v/ might occur half-soft before /i/, for example, віз 'conveyed (masc.)'. Some commentators would contrast this, where the і alternates with e, i.e. везла 'carried (fern.)', with віз 'cart', which arguably has a hard [v] before the [i] which alternates with o, for example, воза 'cart (G.sg.)\ However, we have to see this nowadays as a dialectal feature and, whatever the dialectal reality, we have the complication of the в in везла being hard anyway. We are left with questions of chronology. Less problematic is the soft в in such words as вітер 'wind', where the і arises from *e and would have always remained soft, but where there is no alternation. The horizontal axis in the above diagram represents place of articulation (where constriction or blockage of the oral cavity occurs); the vertical axis |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.