Sounds and spelling 37 Ти читаєш, [ti tjit'ajej] You read - Ти смієшся, [ti simJij'esisJa] You laugh. дошка [d'ojka] board (N.sg.) - дошці [d'DS*ts4] board (D.L.sg.) In spite of this, one does often hear a spelling pronunciation in the above groups. Hissing consonants before hushing consonants within a word assimilate: безжалісний [з:] pitiless без шапки [f:] without a cap підрісши [J*:] having grown up Hissing consonants in one word which precede hushing consonants beginning the next word without a pause assimilate to the hushing consonants, optionally even in voice: без шапки [bej J'apki] without a cap (not the expected [Ьєз J'apki]) It should be admitted that these assimilations do not always take place; this may be due to the influence of Russian or of the spelling. Something which does on the whole always happen is that dental plosives assimilate to following hissing/hushing consonants (this is not noted in the spelling): кімнатці little room (D.L.sg.) невістці daughter-in-law (D.L.sg.) краватці necktie (D.L.sg.) борідці short beard (D.L.sg.) All the above have [©is*]. Similarly: людський human = [dzis>], солдатський soldier (adj.) = [ts*s*] Assimilation in the formation of possessives derived from personal names is not reflected in the spelling either: Параска - Парасчин Онйська - Онйсьчин Sometimes the spelling does change, reflecting a mutation of the consonants brought on (historically) by the nature of a following suffix: козацький - козаччина віск - вощина полтавський - Полтавщина дошка - дощаний вереск - верещати простити - прощати брязк - бряжчати Васькб - Ващенко/Ващук Кузько - Кужченко дорогий - дорожчий дужий - дужчий високий - вищий -цьк- -с(ь)к- -шк- -СК-, -СТ- -зк- -ськ- -зьк- Г,Ж, 3 с + -ин(а) > -чч- + -ин(а) > -щ- + -ан-/-ян- > -щ- in verbs > -щ- in verbs > -жч- in names > -щ- in names > -жч- + -ш(ий) > -жч- + -ш(ий) > -щ-
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