Головна
Гуманітарні
| Попередня | Наступна |
|
50 Ukrainian: A Comprehensive Grammar 2.1.1.3 Soft consonants can be masculine or feminine Two extremely common suffixes referring to human beings express the 'male- ness' of the person (and therefore of the noun) in question: -ець, often associating a person with a place, and -тель occurring with verbal roots to express 'a male doer of X' (compare -ач above): англієць мрець полтавець українець хлопець читець вчитель мислитель просйтель Englishman corpse, dead body man from Poltava (but also полтавчанин) Ukrainian boy one who reads out loud (neutral: читач) teacher thinker, etc. petitioner (but also: прохач) Other nouns, including some very common ones, are not so marked and must be learnt as they are encountered (again, learning the G.sg. will assist in the process); those that are very common, such as the second example below, are used in many everyday expressions, and will thus be assimilated without great difficulty. The following are all masculine: біль день гість квітень кінь місяць нікель учень ache, pain day (добрий день, добридень hello, good day) guest April horse month, moon nickel (the metal) pupil Feminine nouns ending in a soft consonant fall into the same two categories: with and without specific identifying suffixes. The most common suffix that occurs is -ість, one that most often occurs with abstract nouns, very much like English -ness or -tion; such nouns will have an identifiable root to which the suffix is appended (compare the masculine example гість above, which does not have an identifiable root if one takes away the element -ість: -ість is not a suffix in this example): молодість youth, youthfulness паровидатність evaporation (scientific term) самітність/самотність loneliness старість old age свіжість freshness All other feminines of this type (see 2.3.1.4) must be learned individually; as |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.