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The noun 53 experience such shifts; the reader is advised to consult the most up-to-date dictionaries where there is any doubt. As in the case of consonant-final common gender nouns, context (a verb or other element that is required to show gender) will tell the reader which of the genders, masculine or feminine, is being expressed in any given instance. 2.1.2.3 Neuters in -а/-я A very large body of neuter nouns is marked by the final marker -я. This set of nouns is not at all difficult to identify and set apart from those femi- nines or nouns of common gender that have the very same ending: the neuter nouns, with only a very few exceptions, have a doubled consonant preceding -я (in other words, if one sees a noun with final -ССя, where C = consonant, then its gender is neuter). These nouns have all resulted from processes of derivation which are described in 2.5.1. Compare: весілля wedding життя life лівобережжя the area of Ukraine extending from the left bank of the Dniepr (Дніпро) to the Caspian Sea (Каспійське море) моделювання modelling питання question почуття feeling покриття covering полісся low-lying forest region (and name of a region of Ukraine) читання reading The set of examples of this type of neuter noun could be extended for many pages, but it is important at this stage merely to note the pattern, which is extremely straightforward. The exceptions to the structural ССя rule are: those nouns in which -я is preceded by labial consonants (в, б, м, п, ф) and by р; these consonants resisted lengthening (represented in writing, as above, by doubled letters). Such nouns are also easy to identify, however, as they appear graphically as Ся: здоров'я health подвір'я courtyard, yard православ'я Orthodoxy Compare щастя 'happiness', in which the cluster -ст- also resists lengthening. One special subgroup of nouns is not so easily identified purely by orthographic means, but can be recognized as neuters on semantic grounds: these are nouns that refer to the young of animals - including human beings: |
Bи можете завантажити дану книгу в DJVU-форматі для ознайомлення:
скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.