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The noun 69 2.3.2 DECLENSION OF MASCULINE NOUNS Like feminine nouns, masculine stems can be described as hard or soft; the vast majority of such nouns end in a consonant (hard or soft). There are a few, however, that end in final -a; we shall treat these first. 2.3.2.1 Masculine nouns ending in a vowel (-a) It is important to remember that gender is usually grammatical and not natural; in other words, a 'city square' площа is feminine, but not female (there are exceptions, of course, in the form of nouns like жінка 'wife', where feminine = female). A few masculine words look like feminines, but denote male persons; they decline exactly as feminine nouns do, in other words, according to their form and not to their grammatical gender. The only time we notice a difference between these two groups is when they are modified by adjectives, which must carry appropriate gender markers for the nouns they describe (see 3.4). stress ss or se: староста 'elder', 'go-between' (masculine) N. G. D. A. I. L. V. Singular - Однина староста старости старості старосту старостою старості старосто! Plural - Множина старости, -й старост, -ів* старостам, -ам старост, -ів* старостами, -ами старостах, -ах = N. Н. Р. д. 3. о. м. Кл. * In this example there are two possible stress patterns in the plural, depending on the meaning of the word: SS (with zero ending in the G.pl.) when it means 'chief, 'elder'; SE (with the masculine G.pl. ending) when it means 'go-between'. There are also soft-stem variants, such as суддя 'judge': STRESS E + S N. G. D. A. I. L. V. Singular - Однина Plural - Множина суддя судді судді суддю суддею судді судде! судді суддів суддям суддів суддями суддях = N. н. р. д. 3. о. м. Кл. |
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скачати Stefan M. Pugh and Ian Press. Ukrainian: a comprehensive grammar.